• " Parents, teachers, and other caregivers need to instruct children to become conscious of online advertising and how to differentiate between site content and ads (Nielsen, 2002). The same type of instruction that has been promoted for encouraging critical thinking regarding television advertising needs to be extended to the Internet
  " 父母、教师和其他监护人需要引导儿童对在线广告的意识，且能从站点内容和广告中区分出来(Nielsen, 2002)。已经得到推广的与电视广告相关的思考和引导应该扩展到互联网。

• " Web sites aimed at children should not require users to download plug-ins (e.g. Shockwave, Flash), reconfigure their monitor size, etc. These technology barriers typically prevent many children from using portions of sites. In addition, many children inherit "hand-me-down" computers from their older siblings or adults in the house (Hudson, 2004). Many schools have a similar practice in providing older children with better machines and placing the older computers in the younger children's classrooms. As a result, the computers they use are often not able to make use of the latest technological advances.
  面向儿童的网站不应要求用户下载插件程序（如shockwave、flash）、重设屏幕分辨率等等。这些技术障碍会阻止很多儿童阅读网站的部分内容。除此之外，很多儿童是从比他们大一些的哥哥姐姐或者父母那里得到的送给他们的电脑(Hudson, 2004)。很多学校有同样的情况，把好一些的机器给大一点的学生，而把老机器给小一些的学生。结果是，他们使用的电脑不能够运行最新的技术。

• " Web designers would be best served to create age-appropriate content for their target audience. Children are very age sensitive and will often times not visit or make use of sites that they believe are for kids younger than they are (Nielsen, 2002).
  " 应该提供给网页设计师以创造出与目标观众年龄适合内容的信息。儿童具有年龄敏感性，他们经常不会访问或使用他们认为那是为比他们小的儿童设计的网站。

• " It is very important to use concrete terms in directions and avoid relying too heavily on unlabeled icons for navigation with Web sites that are developed for children under age eight (Bernard, 2003).
  " 对于8岁以下儿童的网站，运用具体性的语言进行导航是很重要的，避免过分依赖无标签图标导航(Bernard, 2003)。

• " Children are more attracted to things that are more colorful and have more contrast. Sites that use brighter colors and more contrast will be more suitable for children (Nielsen, 2002).
  " 色彩丰富和对比度强烈的东西对于儿童更具有吸引力。运用较明亮颜色和对比度强烈的站点更加适合儿童(Nielsen, 2002)。"

• " Children do not read as much or as well as adults, so they are much more attracted to of affected by graphics, animations, sound, and other non-textual content. Sites which use a lot of non-text content will be more appealing and usable to children (Clarke, 2005).
  " 儿童不像成人那样阅读，所以他们更容易被图片、声音和其他分文本内容吸引。因此，运用很多非文本内容的站点将具有更大的吸引力和可用性(Clarke, 2005)。

• " Children will often seek out and experiment or play with interactive elements of a website. They will click on areas that adults would otherwise not click on (Clarke, 2005).
  " 儿童经常搜索和试验，或者说是与站点的交互组件进行玩耍。他们可能点击一些成人不会点击的区域(Clarke, 2005)。

• " Children are much more likely to be affected by advertisements than adults. Whereas many adults either ignore ads (i.e., they develop "ad blindness") or consciously filter out ads, children tend to assume that anything on a web page is related to that page's content and give it equal trust and equal priority whether it's the site's primary content or an ad (Nielsen, 2002).
  " 儿童比成人更易受到广告的影响。很多成人要么忽略广告（如，他们"广告盲"）要么有意识的过滤掉广告，儿童倾向于认为网页上的任何东西，不管它是站点的主要内容还是广告，都与页面内容相关的并且给与其同样的信任和相等的优先级(Nielsen, 2002)。

• " Some of these factors will tend to attract children but also be discouraging for adult users. The presence of such kid-friendly / adult-unfriendly design components should be a more compelling indication that a website is being directed at children (Nielsen, 2002)
  " 这些因素中的一些因素可能会吸引儿童但会阻碍成人用户。这些对儿童友好/成人不友好的设计成分更应该成为儿童定向网站的强制性指标(Nielsen, 2002)。
  

Web development teams that keep these considerations in mind will be much more effective at gaining an audience with young people. As with any project, a thorough understanding of the target audience aids in design decisions.

站点开发团队把这些因素记在头脑中会更加有效的获得青少年观众。对于任何项目，彻底了解目标观众都是设计决策的重要一环。

References Bernard, Michael L. (2003). Criteria for optimal web design (designing for usability). (Online), http://psychology.wichita.edu/optimalweb/children.htm

Clarke, J.. (2005). Cross-Cultural Design for Children in a Cyber Setting. In N. Aykin (Ed.), Usability and Internationalization of Information Technology (pp. 253-276). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hudson, R.. (2004). Usability: A key issue for kids' sites. (Online), http://www.usability.com.au/resources/kids.cfm

Nielsen, J. (2002). Kids' Corner: Website Usability for Children. (Online), http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20020414.html

Pastore, M. (1999). Number of Kid's Growing Online. (Online), http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/150161

关于作者：
Richard Douglass currently serves as a usability analyst with the User Experience team with IBM's Lotus Software Group. He has also led a user interface team at Bank One, presented, "Defining the ROI of Your Corporate Intranet" at Content Week 2004, presented a poster session on "Usability ROI" at IBM's 2004 Make it Easy (MITE) Conference, and published a recent book review on "Usability and Internationalization" by Nuray Aykin in the January 2005 issue of "Interactions" magazine. Richard is also currently serving as a member of the Voter Access Usability team for the Voting Technology Assessment Project of the Brennan Center for Justice and EPIC (Electronic Privacy and Information Center)."

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